Hunger and Malnutrition

Over the last three decades, Ghana has invested large amounts of effort in implementing various strategies to reduce maternal and child mortality in the country.

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Ghana is considered one of the few success stories on the African continent regarding child nutrition. The rates of child growth faltering (indicated as stunting, wasting, and underweight) has declined steadily at the national level.

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This paper analyses the evidence on the necessity of subsidies for increasing uptake of crop insurance, and its potential impacts on farmers’ risk-taking ability and health benefit and second a graduation model that provides a potential avenue of expanding social protection for ultra-poor.

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India is the home of largest number of undernourished children in the world (World Bank 2005). In 2005–06, nearly half of all children under 5 years of age in India were stunted and 43 per cent were underweight (International Institute for Population Sciences 2007). Although recently released NFHS-4 reports a decline in undernutrition (35.7 per cent) and stunting (38.4 per cent), the proportion of children who exhibit wasting has increased over time (from 20 per cent to 21 per cent).

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Agriculture and allied sectors in India account for 14% of GDP and were a source of livelihood for 58% of the population for the fiscal year 2016-17 (Central Statistics Office, Government of India, 2016). This paper seeks to research on the reasons for farmer distress in the state of Andhra Pradesh, and research on the interventions for alleviating the distress.

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This paper analyses the evidence on the necessity of subsidies for increasing uptake of crop insurance, and its potential impacts on farmers’ risk-taking ability and health benefit and second a graduation model that provides a potential avenue of expanding social protection for ultra-poor.

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India is the home of largest number of undernourished children in the world (World Bank 2005). In 2005–2006, nearly half of all children under 5 years of age in India were stunted and 43 per cent were underweight (International Institute for Population Sciences 2007).

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Agriculture and allied sector in India accounts for 14% of GDP and is a source of livelihood for 58% of the population with reference to fiscal year 2016-17 (Central Statistics Office, Government of India, 2016). This paper seeks to research on the reasons for farmer distress in the state of Rajasthan, and research on the interventions for alleviating the distress.

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Le problème L’anémie et les carences en micronutriments touchent une grande proportion de la population en Haïti. Selon les estimations, 21% des enfants nés lors des trois dernières années dans le...

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Le problème Malgré la faible capacité de production du secteur agricole, des pertes importantes, estimées à plus de 50-60 % de la production, sont rapportées dans la chaîne de distribution. C'est la...

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Le problème Des dizaines de milliers de jeunes enfants haïtiens souffrant de malnutrition aigüe sévère (MAS) et de malnutrition aiguë modérée (MAM) ne sont pas traités chaque année ; beaucoup d'entre...

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The Problem Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies affect a large proportion of the population in Haiti. An estimated 21% of children born in the last 3 years in Haiti had low birth weight, although...

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The Problem Despite the weak productive capacity of the agricultural sector, significant losses – estimated at more than 50%-60% of production – are recorded through the distribution chain. This is,...

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The Problem Tens of thousands of young Haitian children suffering from severe (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) go untreated every year; many of them die and those who survive may face...

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Présentation du problème Les rendements stagnants de la culture du riz ont rendu celui-ci plus cher que le riz importé. Généralement, les faibles rendements résultent de problème de structure des...

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Description of Problem Stagnant domestic yields have made Haitian rice expensive relative to imported rice. Low yields are generally attributed to problems of farm structure and farm management...

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Présentation du problème Les principales céréales qui sont cultivées en Haïti sont le maïs, le riz et le sorgho et constituent les denrées de base. Actuellement, ces cultures de faible valeur sont...

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Description of Problem The main cereal crops that are grown in Haiti are maize, rice, and sorghum, which also make up the staple food. Currently these low-value crops are cultivated in approximately...

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Présentation du problème Le rapport entre la production nationale de riz et sa consommation a diminué de cinq fois depuis 1985. Les contraintes et les difficultés de production abondent et...

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Description of Problem National rice production relative to rice consumption has fallen five fold since 1985. Productivity constraints and challenges abound, including poor infrastructure, ecological...

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Research by Ahsanuzzaman evaluates the costs and benefits of girl’s secondary schooling as a means to mitigate child malnutrition. The analysis indicates that children whose mothers have completed...

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Research by Atonu Rabbani looks at how providing stipends to girls could help encourage them to stay in school and receive a secondary education. Rabbani’s analysis shows a strong correlation in...

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Research by Mahmud Khan offers an analysis on the costs and benefits of increasing homestead production of animal-source-foods as a means to increase household income and subsequent nutritional...

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Research by Jonathan Rose and Enamul Hoque focuses on three key nutrition direct interventions during pregnancy – calcium supplementation, balanced energy protein supplementation and iron-folate...

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Research by Enamul Hoque focuses on the costs and benefits of smokeless tobacco cessation among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has the highest prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) among...

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Research by Mahmud Khan and Rubina Shaheen offer an analysis on the costs and benefits of promoting nutritious foods that can be eaten alongside rice. The promotion of supplementary and complementary...

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Research by Jonathan Rose suggests that direct nutritional interventions aimed at mothers, babies and small children in the first 1,000 days would yield improvements in physical and cognitive...

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Jonathan Rose, a research advisor with the South Asian Institute of Advanced Legal and Human Rights Studies, looks at how nutrition could also help pregnant women. Providing nutrients to the mother...

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Research by Jonathan Rose, a research advisor with the South Asian Institute of Advanced Legal and Human Rights Studies, examines programs to fight malnutrition by delivering nutrients and...

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New research by Uttam Deb, an economist at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, suggests that investment in the development and dissemination of golden rice can help...

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Research by Mushfiq Mobarak, a Yale University economist, and Agha Ali Akram, a postdoctoral fellow with Evidence Action, suggests that helping people from rural areas migrate to work seasonally in...

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The 2008 and 2011 food price spikes sparked concerns about whether the growing global population would be able to feed itself in years to come, and with this came a renewed increase in interest in the level of postharvest losses (PHL) and the potential to improve food security by reducing them. It has been estimated that an additional one billion people could be fed if food crop losses were halved, which could potentially relieve some of the pressure on the significant increase in production that would be required.

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Nutrition has always been a key development indicator. Inadequate nutrition is a major contributory factor for child mortality; good nutrition is important both for healthy growth and cognitive development. Cognitive development itself leads to educational success, and both are important determinants of labour productivity and hence economic growth. Balance is also important: there should be neither under- nor over-nutrition.

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By 2050, there will be far more people to feed, increasingly distant from the rural areas where food is produced, and with the vast majority of the increased demand coming from Africa and Asia. In a world where currently up to 900 million people are chronically malnourished, reducing post-harvest losses could play a significant role in meeting the coming challenge.

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This report assesses the targets in the OWG’s Final Outcome Document from 19 July 2014. This builds upon the information presented in similar documents which the Copenhagen Consensus Center released...

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The Copenhagen Consensus has updated our benefit-cost assessment of UN Post-2015 Millennium Development Goals for the 12th session of the Open Working Group. The Copenhagen Consensus will present...

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Some of the world’s top economists have assessed the targets from the 11th session Open Working Group document into one of five categories, based on economic evidence: Phenomenal, Good, Fair, Poor and Uncertain.

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By Sue Horton and Richard H. Steckel. Hunger, one of humanity’s oldest scourges, has relented. The researchers measured it through height, a strong indicator of childhood starvation. They find that humanity's made magnificent progress, but it also shows there is still much to do.

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The problem of hunger can be solved. The planet creates more than enough food to meet everyone’s needs. But there are still about 925 million hungry people in the world, and nearly 180 million pre-school children do not get vital nutrients.

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Anil Deolalikar provided a Perspective Paper in response to the Copenhagen Consensus Assessment Paper on Hunger and Malnutrition.

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Beatrice Rogers prepared a Perspective Paper for Copenhagen Consensus in response to the research done by Hoddinott, et al.

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A diverse diet rich in micronutrients is out of reach of many of the world’s poor. Because foods that are high in micronutrients such as vegetables, fruits, dairy, and meats are expensive, resource‐poor people rely primarily on a few starchy staples that are rich in energy, but not in micronutrients.

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By Andrew Hall & Sue Horton In the Copenhagen Consensus 2008 the Expert panel ranked five nutritional interventions among the top ten of 30 proposals to answer the question, what would be the...

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Fortification with iron and iodine, two minerals needed in small quantities in daily diets, was ranked as a top public health intervention priority for countries using benefit‐cost analysis.

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By Sue Horton, France Begin, Alison Greig & Anand Lakshman The 2008 Copenhagen Consensus ranked micronutrient supplements as the top development priority out of more than 40 interventions...

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Despite significant reductions in income poverty in recent years, undernutrition remains widespread. Recent estimates from UNICEF (2006) are that “one out of every four children under five – or 146 million children in the developing world – is underweight for his or her age."

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Reynaldo Martorell wrote a Perspective Paper for CC08 in response to research by Sue Horton, Harold Alderman, and Juan A. Rivera.

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By Anil Deolalikar, a Perspective Paper in response to the Copenhagen Consensus research by Sue Horton, Harold Alderman, and Juan A. Rivera.

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While episodes of severe hunger such as famines receive considerable press coverage and attract much public attention, chronic hunger and malnutrition is considerably more prevalent in developing countries.

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Simon Appleton wrote a Perspective Papers for CC12 in response to Berhman, et al.

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By Peter Svedberg, Perspective Paper in response to the Assessment Paper by Berhman, et al.

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